### Summary of Violations Israel’s blockade of humanitarian aid to Gaza violates the following international and customary laws: 1. **Fourth Geneva Convention**: - **Article 55**: Failure to ensure food and medical supplies for the occupied population. - **Article 59**: Failure to facilitate humanitarian aid. - **Article 33**: Engaging in collective punishment, a war crime. 2. **Additional Protocol I (Customary Law)**: - **Article 54**: Using starvation as a method of warfare. - **Article 70**: Blocking humanitarian relief actions. 3. **Customary IHL**: - **Rule 55**: Denying access to humanitarian aid. - **Rule 53**: Using starvation as a method of warfare. - **Rule 103**: Imposing collective punishment. 4. **Obligations as an Occupying Power**: - Failure to ensure basic needs and facilitate aid, as required by the Geneva Conventions. - Contributing to the unlawful nature of its occupation (per the ICJ’s 2024 ruling). 5. **UN Security Council Demands**: - Non-compliance with calls to allow humanitarian aid into Gaza.

Israel’s blockade of humanitarian aid to Gaza violates the following international and customary laws:

Fourth Geneva Convention:
- Article 55: Failure to ensure food and medical supplies for the occupied population.
- Article 59: Failure to facilitate humanitarian aid.
- Article 33: Engaging in collective punishment, a war crime.
Additional Protocol I (Customary Law):
- Article 54: Using starvation as a method of warfare.
- Article 70: Blocking humanitarian relief actions.
Customary IHL:
- Rule 55: Denying access to humanitarian aid.
- Rule 53: Using starvation as a method of warfare.
- Rule 103: Imposing collective punishment.
Obligations as an Occupying Power:
- Failure to ensure basic needs and facilitate aid, as required by the Geneva Conventions.
- Contributing to the unlawful nature of its occupation (per the ICJ’s 2024 ruling).
UN Security Council Demands:
- Non-compliance with calls to allow humanitarian aid into Gaza.